ABSTRACT
RESUMO As Reações Adversas a Medicamentos (RAM) representam um grande problema nos hospitais, acarretando sérios riscos à saúde dos pacientes e aumentando os custos da atenção à saúde. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar as principais Reações Adversas a Medicamentos encontradas no setor de Clínica Médica de um hospital escola em Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. Realizou-se um estudo longitudinal prospectivo entre os meses de março a junho de 2015. Um total de 194 pacientes foram acompanhados, sendo observado reações adversas em 37 deles, totalizando 40 reações adversas que envolveram 27 princípios ativos. Os principais medicamentos envolvidos nas RAM foram losartana (12,5%), dipirona (10%) e tramadol (7,5%). As reações acometeram principalmente pacientes do sexo masculino (60%). Quanto à causalidade, 12 (30%) RAM foram classificadas como definidas, 19 (47,5%) prováveis e 9 (22,5%) possíveis, pelo algoritmo de Naranjo. Trinta e cinco RAM (87,5%) foram classificadas como reações do tipo A (previsíveis) e apenas 5 (12,5%) reações do tipo B (imprevisíveis). A Comissão de Farmacovigilância do Hospital foi comunicada para proceder as notificações à ANVISA. O processo de conciliação de medicamentos contribuiu para a identificação de RAM, permitindo ao profissional farmacêutico atuação mais efetiva junto à equipe multiprofissional de saúde no que se refere às reações indesejáveis causadas pelos medicamentos possibilitando a prevenção de agravos relacionados à terapia medicamentosa e ações voltadas para a segurança dos pacientes.
RESUMEN Las Reacciones Adversas a Medicamentos (RAM) representan un gran problema en los hospitales, causando serios riesgos a la salud de los pacientes y aumentando los costos de atención a la salud. En este contexto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las principales Reacciones Adversas a Medicamentos encontradas en el sector de Clínica Médica de un hospital universitario en Campos dos Goytacazes-Rio de Janeiro-Brasil. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo entre los meses de marzo a junio de 2015. Un total de 194 pacientes fueron acompañados y fueron observadas reacciones adversas en 37 pacientes, totalizando 40 reacciones adversas que involucraron 27 principios activos. Los principales medicamentos involucrados en las RAM fueron losartán (12,5%), dipirona (10%) y tramadol (7,5%). Las reacciones acometieron principalmente pacientes del sexo masculino (60%). En cuanto a la causalidad, 12 (30%) RAM fueron clasificadas como definidas, 19 (47,5%) probables y 9 (22,5%) posibles, por el algoritmo de Naranjo. Treinta y cinco RAM (87,5%) fueron clasificadas como reacciones del tipo A (previsibles) y solo 5 (12,5%) reacciones del tipo B (imprevisibles). El Comité de Farmacovigilancia Hospitalaria fue comunicado para emprender las notificaciones a la ANVISA. El proceso de conciliación de medicamentos contribuyó a la identificación de RAM, permitiendo al profesional farmacéutico una actuación más eficaz junto al equipo multidisciplinario de salud en lo que se refiere a las reacciones indeseables causadas por los medicamentos, posibilitando la prevención de agravios relacionados a la terapia medicamentosa y acciones dirigidas a la seguridad del paciente.
ABSTRACT Currently, Adverse Drug Rreactions (ADR/RAM) are a major problem in hospitals, causing serious health risks for patients and increasing costs of health care. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the main adverse drug reactions found in medical clinic sector a teaching hospital in Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. We conducted a prospective study between the months from March to June 2015. A total of 194 patients were followed, adverse reactions were observed in 37 patients, involving 40 adverse reactions distributed in 27 active ingredients. The major drugs were involved in the ADR (12.5%) of losartan, 4 (10%) of dipyrone and 3 (7.5%) tramadol. The reactions of most patients were in males with 63%. As for the causality, 12 ADR (30%) were classified as definite, 19 (47.5%) probable and 9 (22.5%) possible, by the logotype of Naranjo. Thirty-five ADRs (87%) were defined as the type A (predictable) and only 5 (12.5%) type B reactions. The Pharmacovigilance Committee of the Hospital was reported to make notifications to ANVISA. The medication reconciliation process contributed to the identification of RAM, allowing the professional pharmacist for more effective action by the multidisciplinary health team in regard to undesirable reactions caused by drugs enabling the prevention of related harm to drug therapy and targeted actions to patient safety.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pharmacology , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Medication Reconciliation , Patient Safety/statistics & numerical data , Patient Care Team , Health Risk , Delivery of Health Care , Drug Therapy , PharmacovigilanceABSTRACT
Aims: To report a case of ring chromosome 13 in a female child. Presentation of Case: Female, Caucasian, born in Southeast of Brazil, 6 years old. Born by cesarean section, the physical examination at 6 years and 1 month old has shown: weight of 19.100 grams and 105 centimeters tall, developmental delay, bushy eyebrows, epicanthic folds and broad nasal bridge, cardiovascular and respiratory systems were normal and no abnormalities in the limbs. Chromosome analysis was performed by GTG banding of peripheral blood and the karyotype was 46,XX,r(13)(p13q34)[97]/46,XX,dic r(13;13)(p13q34;p13q34) [3]. Analysis of 100 metaphases following G-banding revealed 97% cells with a ring chromosome 13,3% with dicentric ring chromosome of two 13s. Aneuploidy was not detected. Her parents had a normal karyotype. Discussion: Some researchers relate the clinical presentation of ring chromosome 13 with the extension of the deleted chromosomal region and instability. Others suggested that phenotypes of patients can be categorized in groups, according to the breakpoint on 13q. Conclusion: The classification of cases in groups based on breakpoints and chromosomal instability is still inaccurate, with variable phenotypes. Thus, the analysis of a greater number of cases and molecular analysis are important to establish more precise correlation between genotype and phenotype.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To describe the familial occurrence of paracentric inversion of chromosome 3. Presentation of Cases: Patient 1: Female, Caucasian, born in Southeast of Brazil, 7 years old. Born at term and asphyxia. Developmental delay; aggressive behavior and tendency toward isolation. Prominent forehead, discrete epicanthal folds, down-slanting palpebral fissures, long philtrum and hypermobility of the four limbs. Karyotype: 46,XX,inv(3)(p13p25). Patient 2: Female, Caucasian, born in Northeast of Brazil, 3 years old. Born prematurely by cesarean section, pelvic presentation and asphyxia. Severe developmental delay. Microcephaly, bilateral convergent strabismus, epicanthal folds, wide nasal bridge, micrognathia, high arched palate and nasolabial hemangioma, low set ears, hypoplastic nipples, nucal café-au-lait spots, deep plantar fold. Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Karyotype: 46,XX,inv(3)(p13p25). Patient 3: Male, Caucasian, born in Southeast of Brazil, 5 years. Born at term, by cesarean section, cephalic presentation. Developmental delay and flexor spasms. Dolichocephalic skull, prominent forehead, ocular hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, disproportioned and low set ears, single palmary crease in the right hand, large and elongated thumbs, hypotonia, and recurrent acute otitis. Karyotype: 46,XY,inv(3)(p13p25). Discussion: Patients presented developmental delay and dysmorphic features, but the relatives that presented the same inversion were asymptomatic. Carriers seem to have a normal reproductive fitness, without differences between males and females. Conclusion: The chromosomal rearrangements, especially balanced chromosomal alterations provide an opportunity to broaden the understanding of the structure and functional organization of chromosomes and to offer better genetic counseling for the families.